If you hit the brake pedal hard/fast to come to a quick stop, does the noise also suddenly deaden quickly, or does it take a second to wind down? Does the noise happen if you drive in reverse? It almost doesn't sound like metal on metal. Almost sounds like a plastic fan blade scraping against something plastic, like the housing or fan strut. It sounded like you let off on the gas at one point and the noise oscillated consistently. It didn't seem to speed up or slow down. The pitch changed a little, but it didn't seem to be tied into wheel/axle speed or the engine revolutions.
The first time you brought it in and it was diagnosed, did they say it was the CVT? Did they get rid of (or reduce) the noise the first time they looked at it? How long ago was that? Thing is, if it was on the lift and running, there's no reason to think the mechanics would lie and say it's the CVT when it's not. I've gone through seven CVTs, and none of them sounded like what you have, but there are lots of ways something can fail, so it very well may be the CVT. Many garages will give you a freebie to put your car on the lift for a listen, provided they don't have to use any testing equipment that would take more time to setup and use. I'd take it somewhere else and ask if they offer a free diagnosis.
EDIT: Actually, at the very end of your clip, it sounds like the noise is winding down and then sounds more hollow-metal-like. Maybe a problem with the torque converter. Or could it be the starter is partially engaged and spinning around on the flywheel? It sounds so close/loud inside the cabin. though Maybe it's from one of the propellor shafts or carrier bearings? They're located right beneath where you sit. But that depends on if your MO is AWD or FWD. If FWD, forget it being a propeller shaft.